With the rapid growth of the internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, another important technology appears on the research field that helps in earning a high performance wireless communication between devices, it is called low power wide area network (LPWAN). In the LPWAN technology, there are two categories: Long Rang (LoRa) and narrowband (NB-IoT). LoRa is…

Abstract: With the rapid growth of the internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, another important technology appears in the research field that helps in earning a high performance wireless communication between devices, it is called low power wide area network (LPWAN). LPWAN technology has many technologies but there are four main technologies: LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, LTE-M. These technologies…

1. Introduction “How far is the transmission distance?” is the question that haunts all those interested in wireless transmission technology. To build a wireless network to suit these requirements, most developers will have to choose between two ISM(1) band options at 2.4 GHz or below. To determine whether a wireless network uses 2.4GHz or less…